How Does an Oxygen Concentrator Work? Types, Cleaning, and Maintenance

What is an Oxygen Concentrator and How Does it Work?

An oxygen concentrator is a medical device that takes in air and filters out nitrogen to supply an oxygen-concentrated gas stream to patients who require oxygen therapy. It works using a molecular sieve - zeolite materials that adsorb nitrogen more readily than oxygen, allowing oxygen molecules to pass through while retaining nitrogen.

Primary Components

1. Array of Filters: Designed to eliminate contaminants present in the surrounding air.
2. Air Pump: Responsible for driving ambient air into the apparatus and directing it towards the zeolite molecular sieve chambers.
3. Dual Zeolite Molecular Sieve Chambers: Utilizing micro-porous aluminosilicate minerals, these chambers possess the capacity to capture nitrogen.
4. Selector Valve: Facilitates the redirection of the compressor's output between the two molecular sieve chambers.
5. Oxygen Outlet: A port through which oxygen is dispensed to the patient.
6. Flow Regulator: Employed to adjust the flow rate in Liters Per Minute (LPM).

Inside the concentrator, air is compressed and fed into cylindrical tubes filled with zeolite pellets or beads. As the air passes through these beds, nitrogen molecules are captured by the zeolite, leaving oxygen enriched air to exit the other end. Typically two or more filter beds are used to achieve oxygen concentrations over 90%.
The concentrated oxygen then flows through a pressure regulator and flow meter that controls the delivery pressure and flow rate prescribed by the doctor, before going to the patient through a nasal cannula or mask.

The 5-Step Concentrator Process:

1. Room air enters the concentrator.
2. Air is compressed and fed into nitrogen-filtering tubes.
3. Oxygen-rich air passes through a regulator to control flow rate and pressure.
4. Purified oxygenated air flows to the patient through tubing and nasal cannula.
5. This process filters nitrogen from air to supply supplemental oxygen to patients requiring therapy.

Types of Oxygen Concentrators and How to Choose One

There are two main types of oxygen concentrators:

●Med/Home Oxygen Concentrators: Designed for continuous use at home, these larger units can deliver higher oxygen flow rates. They require an electrical outlet to run. Models include the Olive 5L--OLV-5S,10L Health Medical Oxygen Concentrator,and Olive 10L(OLV-10S)- For 2 Person.

●Portable Oxygen Concentrators: These smaller battery-powered units provide mobility outside the home. They offer lower flow rates for fewer hours. Popular portable models are the OLV-B1 5L,Mini Small Pulse Dose Portable,Travel 5 Liter Portable .

When selecting a concentrator, consider your oxygen needs, mobility, and budget. Your doctor will recommend the required flow rate. Higher activity levels may need a portable unit. Insurance often covers a large part of the cost for qualified patients.

How to Use an Oxygen Concentrator Properly

1. Plug in the power cord and turn on the concentrator. For portables, charge battery fully. 
2. Adjust the flow rate knob to your prescribed level in liters per minute.
3. Connect the oxygen tubing to the machine's outlet port. Connect other end to the nasal cannula or mask.
4. Turn on the oxygen flow and put on the nasal cannula. Make sure tubing is not kinked.
5. Monitor that you receive sufficient oxygen. Use a pulse oximeter to check your blood oxygen saturation.
6. When finished, turn off the machine and disconnect tubing.

Proper use provides optimal oxygenation. Always follow instructions from your doctor and equipment provider.

Cleaning and Maintaining Your Oxygen Concentrator

Regular cleaning and maintenance are key for the best performance:

• Wipe down the outside case and control panel with a clean damp cloth. Don't allow moisture inside.
• Clean or replace filters per manufacturer guidelines, typically every 6-12 months or sooner if needed.
• Periodically inspect oxygen tubing for cracks, damage, or leaks and replace if needed.
• Replace intake air filters as recommended.
• Keep all vents and openings clear of dirt and dust buildup.

Follow all maintenance procedures in the user manual. Cleaning supplies and replacement parts can be ordered from medical equipment providers.

Frequently Asked Questions about Oxygen Concentrators

1. What conditions are treated or managed with oxygen concentrators?

Oxygen concentrators are commonly used to treat chronic lung conditions like COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, and severe asthma. They provide supplemental oxygen to help patients breathe easier and get improved oxygenation. Oxygen therapy helps manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

2. How long can the oxygen concentrator run continuously？

A stationary home oxygen concentrator can run continuously 24/7 as long as it is plugged into a power source. Portable concentrators run on battery power, typically 2-5 hours per charge depending on model, flow setting, and battery life.

3. How much does an oxygen concentrator cost？

The cost of an oxygen concentrator ranges from around $500 to $3000 depending on the type, features, flow capacity, and retailer. Insurance plans like Medicare may cover a portion of the cost if considered medically necessary by a doctor.

4. Where to buy oxygen concentrator？

Oxygen concentrators can be purchased from home medical equipment providers, retailers like Amazon or eBay, or directly from manufacturers. It's recommended to work with a knowledgeable vendor that can help select the right model and features.

5. How long does a 5-liter oxygen concentrator last？

The lifespan of a 5-liter oxygen concentrator is typically 5-10 years when properly maintained according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Usage, maintenance, and the quality of the model impact the actual lifespan.

6. How much electricity does an oxygen concentrator use？

Oxygen concentrators use around 300-700 watts of electricity depending on the flow setting and model. At maximum flow settings, larger stationary units use more, while portable units use less. This equates to 20-60 kWh per month for typical daily usage.

7. How to stop the oxygen concentrator from beeping？

Most oxygen concentrators have an audible alarm that sounds when there is a problem, like low oxygen purity or loss of power. The beeping can be stopped by pressing the mute or alarm silence button on the machine temporarily. The root cause should be addressed.

8. Can I use my home oxygen concentrator in my car？

You may be able to use a portable oxygen concentrator in a vehicle if it can run on battery power without being plugged in. Stationary models require an inverter installed in the vehicle to convert DC power from the car battery to AC power. Always consult your doctor before using a concentrator in a moving vehicle.

9.Can you use an oxygen concentrator without water？

Oxygen concentrators do not require water to function in most cases. Some may have a humidifier attachment, but the oxygen-concentrating function works without water. The sieves trap nitrogen, not moisture, from air.